National Flag of India
“Tiranga” or “Tricolour” is the National flag of India. It was adopted as national flag of India on
22 July, 1947 by constituent assembly. Pingali Venkayya was the designer of Indian National
flag. The ratio of width to length of the flag is 2:3.The colors of the national flag represent
some meaning:- The saffron color of the flag stands for courage, sacrifice and spirit of
renunciation; White stands for truth and purity; Green stands for faith and fertility and Ashok
Chakra represents the wheel of law. It has 24 spokes.
National Emblem of India
Lion Capital adopted from Ashok Stambh (pillar) of Sarnath is the national emblem of India. It was
adopted as the national emblem of India on 26 January, 1950.King Ashoka build this stambh during
his reign to popularize Buddha dharma. In Ashok Stambh four lions are depicted as seated back to
back. They represent power, courage, confidence, and pride.
Ashok Chakra of National Flag was taken from the Dharam Chakra depicted in the Ashok Stambh.
The words “Satyamev Jayate” are also inscribed in this Stambha.
National Anthem of India
Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India.On 24 January 1950, it was adopted as the national anthem of
India.It was written by Noble Laureate Rabindranath Tagore. It is the first five stanzas of Brahma Hymn.The
original poem was written in Bengali. It was translated to Hindi by Abid Ali.Jana Gana Mana was first sung on 27
December, 1911 in the Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress.
National Song of India
In 1950, the first two verses of the Vande Matram was selected as the National Song of India.The song was
written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in his novel Anandamath. Jadunath Bhattacharya composed the music.
In 1896, Rabindranath Tagore sung the song for the first time in the Calcutta session of Indian National Congress.
This song was used prominently in the Independence Movement of India.
National Calendar of India
Saka Calendar is the national calendar of India. In the year 1957, it was adopted as the national calendar of India. The
historic Shaka era calendar is still widely used. It has years that are solar sidereal (after periodic adjustments), and
has lunar months. The official Saka using a tropical solar year. It is used, alongside the Gregorian calendar, by The
Gazette of India, in news broadcasts by All India Radio and in calendars and communications issued by the
Government of India. The Saka calendar is also used in Java and Bali among Indonesian Hindus. Nyepi, the "Day of
Silence", is a celebration of the Saka new year in Bali. Nepal's Nepal Sambat evolved from the Saka calendar.
National Flower of India
Lotus is the national flower of India . Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture.
National Bird of India
Peacock is the national bird of India. In 1963, peacock was declared as the national bird of
India. It is protected by the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Mainly there are three
types of peacock i.e. African Congo peacock, Indian peacock and Green peacock. All are
considered to be originated in Asia but also found in Africa and some parts of Australia. The
male peacock is known for its enormous tail feathers that fan out behind the peacock and
can be around two meters in length.
National Animal of India
Tiger is the national animal of India. To protect the tigers in India. Project Tiger was launched in 1973. Panthera Tigris is the scientific name of Tiger .Tigers are top predators. Tiger subspecies : Bengal Tiger, Indochinese Tiger, Madayan Tiger, Siberian Tiger etc. Tigers are under endangered species status of Red Data Book. Tiger is considered to be the largest wild cat in the world. The big cat's tail is 3 feet (1 meter) long. Unlike most members of the cat family, tigers seem swim well. Because of their size, strength, and predatory skills, tigers are understood to be one of the "big cats." Lions, cheetahs and jaguars are also part of this grouping.
National Fruit of India
Mango is the national fruit of India. Mangifera is genus of Mango. Its scientific name is Mangifera Indica. India cultivates more than 100 varieties of Mango. It grows mainly in summer and is the most delicious fruit. Its relish is even narrated by many renowned poets. India is exporter of mangoes to Europe specially its Alphonso variety.
National Tree of India
Banyan is the national tree of India. The banyan tree is also considered to be a sacred tree by many religions and it is called as ‘Vat Vriksha’ in Sanskrit. In Hinduism, the leaf of banyan tree is said to be the resting place for the god Krishna.