Social changes took place in the varna-based society:
(i) Smaller castes or jatis emerged within varnas.
(ii) Many tribes and social groups were taken into caste-based society and given the status of
jatis.
(iii) Jatis became the basis for organising society instead of varna.
(iv) Specialised artisans, smiths, carpenters and masons were also recognised as separate jatis by
the Brahmana.