(a) Greenhouse gases
Trapping the heat of the sun in the earth’s atmosphere by increasing atmospheric temperature effects are called greenhouse gases (GHGs). CO2, CH4, N2O, and CFC cause the greenhouse effect. The temperature of the earth would go down to -18oC in the absence of the gases. There will be adverse effects of higher GHGs, (i) Melting of polar ice caps and mountain snowcaps resulting in rising sea levels threatening concentration of many islands and coastal areas, Odd climate change like EI Nino (a phenomenon that disrupts normal weather), increased floods and drought.
(b) Catalytic converter
To reduce the emission of poisonous gases like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and non-reacting hydrocarbons in automotive emission Catalytic converters ‘are used. It is made up of platinum, palladium, and rhodium and is used as a catalyst. It converts unburnt hydrocarbons into water and CO2. The precaution needed to be taken is that not to use gasoline having lead as lead inactivates the catalysts of the converter.
(c) Ultraviolet B
Out of the three types, Ultraviolet B is the one that is responsible for invisible light rays given off by the sun. Through the ozone layer, In attenuated form, Ultraviolet B is penetrated via the ozone layer and reaches earth. Due to thinning of the ozone shield over the equator, this is moreover equator than poles. It leads to skin cancer, reduction in the rate of photosynthesis, In phytoplanktons, it reduces the diversity of the aquatic ecosystem