Decomposition is the process that involves the breakdown of complex organic matter or biomass with the help of decomposers from the body of dead plants and animals into inorganic raw materials like carbon dioxide, water, and other nutrients. The processes involved in decomposition are as follows:
⮚ Fragmentation: The first step in the process of decomposition is fragmentation. By the action of detritivores, there is the breakdown of detritus into smaller pieces like in earthworms is called fragmentation.
⮚ Leaching: Several water-soluble inorganic substances percolate into the deeper layers of soil along with rain or irrigation water, it is known as leaching.
⮚ Catabolism: Bacteria and fungi degrade detritus through various enzymes into smaller pieces is called catabolism.
⮚ Humification: The formation of a finely divided, amorphous dark-colored colloidal substance called humus, which acts as a reservoir of nutrients for plants is called humification.
⮚ Mineralization: By the action of microbes, humus is further degraded which finally results in the release of inorganic nutrients into the soil.
A dark-colored, nutrient-rich substance called humus is produced by the process of decomposition. Humus thus degrades and releases inorganic raw materials such as CO2, water, and other nutrients in the soil.