Abiotic components are all non-living elements in an ecosystem. Temperature, soil, water, and light are all aspects to consider.
Temperature: This is the most important environmental component in terms of ecology. It changes seasonally on land and gradually diminishes from the equator to the poles, as well as from plains to mountain summits. It varies from sub-zero temperatures in polar regions to high altitudes. Eurythermal animals, such as most mammals and birds, can withstand and thrive in a wide range of temperatures, whereas stenothermal organisms, such as polar bears and amphibians, can only tolerate a small range of temperatures.
Soil: The nature and qualities of soil vary greatly depending on where you are. It is mostly determined by the following factors
● The weather
● The weathering procedure
● The process of soil growth
The soil's water holding capacity and percolation are determined by a variety of factors, including soil chemistry, grain size, and aggregation. The sort of plants that can grow in a particular habitat is determined by these qualities of soil, as well as its pH, mineral content, topography, and other factors.
Water: Water is known to have given birth to life on Earth, and it is impossible to survive without it. The pH, chemical composition, and temperature of water are all vital to aquatic creatures. They are also affected by water salinity, which ranges from less than 5 parts per thousand in inland water to 30-35 parts per thousand in the sea and 100 parts per thousand in some hypersaline lagoons. Euryhaline organisms can tolerate a large range of salinity, whereas stenohaline organisms can only tolerate a narrow range. Because of osmotic difficulties induced by high salt, many freshwater creatures cannot thrive in sea water for long periods of time, and vice versa. A range of factors, including soil chemistry, grain size, and aggregation, influence the water retention capacity and percolation of the soil. These properties of soil, as well as its pH, mineral content, topography, and other elements, affect the types of plants that can flourish in a given habitat. Stenohaline creatures can only survive a narrow range of salinity, but euryhaline species can withstand a wide range of salt. Many freshwater organisms cannot survive in sea water for lengthy periods of time due to osmotic issues caused by excessive salt levels, and vice versa.
Light: The importance of light stems from the fact that all autotrophs rely on it as a source of energy for photosynthesis, which involves the release of oxygen. Because they are obscured by towering, canopied trees, small shrubs and plants growing in forests have adapted to photosynthesis at very low light intensities. The majority of plants rely on sunshine to survive.
Many animals use diurnal and seasonal light intensity variations as cues to time their feeding, reproductive, and migratory activity. Because the sun is the source of both, the availability of light on land is directly tied to that of warmth. The environment is constantly gloomy in deep oceans (> 500m). Solar radiation's spectrum purity is also critical for life.
For marine plants living at different depths of the ocean, different components of the visible spectrum are available. UV light is harmful to many organisms. As a result, distinct species of algae, such as green, brown, and red algae, can be found at the upper, middle, and deep layers of the sea, respectively.