Average Fixed Cost:
It is defined as the fixed cost per unit of output. / Production.
Where,
TFC = Total fixed cost
Q = Quantity of output produced
Average Variable Cost: It is defined as the variable cost per unit of output./ production
Where,
TVC = Total variable cost
Q = Quantity of output produced
Average Cost:
It is defined as the total cost per unit of output/production. Average cost is derived by dividing total cost by quantity of output.
AC is also defined as the sum total of average fixed cost and average variable cost. AC = AFC + AVC
Relationship between AC, AFC, AVC:
1) AVC and AFC are derived from AC as AC = AFC +AVC.
2) The plot for AFC is a rectangular hyperbola and falls continuously as the quantity of output increases.
3) The minimum point of AVC will always exist to the left of the minimum point ofAC; i.e., point 'Z' will always lie to point M'.
4) AFC being a rectangular hyperbola falls throughout; this causes the difference between AC and AVC to keep decreasing at higher output levels. However, it should be noted that AVC and AC can never intersect each other. If they intersect at any point, it would imply that AC and AVC are equal at that point. However, this is not possible as AFC will never be zero because it is a rectangular hyperbola that never touches the x-axis.
5) AC inherits its shape from AVC's shape and it is because of the law of variable proportions that both the curves are U-shaped.